2. EL 8
  3. tcl-doc
  4. refchan(n)

Scroll to navigation

refchan(n) Tcl Built-In Commands refchan(n) 





NAME


refchan - command handler API of reflected channels






SYNOPSIS


cmdPrefix option ?arg arg ...?








DESCRIPTION


The Tcl-level handler for a reflected channel has to be a command
    with subcommands (termed an ensemble, as it is a command such as that
    created by namespace ensemble create, though the
    implementation of handlers for reflected channel is not tied to
    namespace ensembles in any way; see EXAMPLE below for
    how to build an oo::class that supports the API). Note that
    cmdPrefix is whatever was specified in the call to chan
    create, and may consist of multiple arguments; this will be expanded to
    multiple words in place of the prefix.


Of all the possible subcommands, the handler must support
    initialize, finalize, and watch. Support for the other
    subcommands is optional.




MANDATORY SUBCOMMANDS



  

  
An invocation of this subcommand will be the first call the
      cmdPrefix will receive for the specified new channelId. It
      is the responsibility of this subcommand to set up any internal data
      structures required to keep track of the channel and its state.






The return value of the method has to be a list containing the
    names of all subcommands supported by the cmdPrefix. This also tells
    the Tcl core which version of the API for reflected channels is used by this
    command handler.


Any error thrown by the method will abort the creation of the
    channel and no channel will be created. The thrown error will appear as
    error thrown by chan create. Any exception other than an error
    (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as (and converted to) an
  error.


Note: If the creation of the channel was aborted due to
    failures here, then the finalize subcommand will not be called.


The mode argument tells the handler whether the channel was
    opened for reading, writing, or both. It is a list containing any of the
    strings read or write. The list will always contain at least
    one element.


The subcommand must throw an error if the chosen mode is not
    supported by the cmdPrefix.





  

  
An invocation of this subcommand will be the last call the
      cmdPrefix will receive for the specified channelId. It will
      be generated just before the destruction of the data structures of the
      channel held by the Tcl core. The command handler must not access
      the channelId anymore in no way. Upon this subcommand being called,
      any internal resources allocated to this channel must be cleaned up.






The return value of this subcommand is ignored.


If the subcommand throws an error the command which caused its
    invocation (usually chan close) will appear to have thrown this
    error. Any exception beyond error (e.g., break, etc.)
    is treated as (and converted to) an error.


This subcommand is not invoked if the creation of the channel was
    aborted during initialize (See above).





  

  
This subcommand notifies the cmdPrefix that the specified
      channelId is interested in the events listed in the
      eventspec. This argument is a list containing any of read
      and write. The list may be empty, which signals that the channel
      does not wish to be notified of any events. In that situation, the handler
      should disable event generation completely.






Warning: Any return value of the subcommand is ignored.
    This includes all errors thrown by the subcommand, break,
    continue, and custom return codes.


This subcommand interacts with chan postevent. Trying to
    post an event which was not listed in the last call to watch will
    cause chan postevent to throw an error.








OPTIONAL SUBCOMMANDS



  

  
This optional subcommand is called when the user requests data from
      the channel channelId. count specifies how many bytes
      have been requested. If the subcommand is not supported then it is not
      possible to read from the channel handled by the command.






The return value of this subcommand is taken as the requested data
    bytes. If the returned data contains more bytes than requested, an
    error will be signaled and later thrown by the command which performed the
    read (usually gets or read). However, returning fewer bytes
    than requested is acceptable.


Note that returning nothing (0 bytes) is a signal to the higher
    layers that EOF has been reached on the channel. To signal that the
    channel is out of data right now, but has not yet reached EOF, it is
    necessary to throw the error "EAGAIN", i.e. to either






return -code error EAGAIN



or



error EAGAIN




For extensibility any error whose value is a negative integer
    number will cause the higher layers to set the C-level variable
    "errno" to the absolute value of this number, signaling a
    system error. However, note that the exact mapping between these error
    numbers and their meanings is operating system dependent.


For example, while on Linux both






return -code error -11



and



error -11




are equivalent to the examples above, using the more readable
    string "EAGAIN", this is not true for BSD, where the equivalent
    number is -35.


The symbolic string however is the same across systems, and
    internally translated to the correct number. No other error value has such a
    mapping to a symbolic string.


If the subcommand throws any other error, the command which caused
    its invocation (usually gets, or read) will appear to have
    thrown this error. Any exception beyond error,
    (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted to an
  error.





  

  
This optional subcommand is called when the user writes data to the
      channel channelId. The data argument contains bytes,
      not characters. Any type of transformation (EOL, encoding) configured for
      the channel has already been applied at this point. If this subcommand is
      not supported then it is not possible to write to the channel handled by
      the command.






The return value of the subcommand is taken as the number of bytes
    written by the channel. Anything non-numeric will cause an error to be
    signaled and later thrown by the command which performed the write. A
    negative value implies that the write failed. Returning a value greater than
    the number of bytes given to the handler, or zero, is forbidden and will
    cause the Tcl core to throw an error.


To signal that the channel is not able to accept data for writing
    right now, it is necessary to throw the error "EAGAIN", i.e. to
    either






return -code error EAGAIN



or



error EAGAIN




For extensibility any error whose value is a negative integer
    number will cause the higher layers to set the C-level variable
    "errno" to the absolute value of this number, signaling a
    system error. However, note that the exact mapping between these error
    numbers and their meanings is operating system dependent.


For example, while on Linux both






return -code error -11



and



error -11




are equivalent to the examples above, using the more readable
    string "EAGAIN", this is not true for BSD, where the equivalent
    number is -35.


The symbolic string however is the same across systems, and
    internally translated to the correct number. No other error value has such a
    mapping to a symbolic string.


If the subcommand throws any other error the command which caused
    its invocation (usually puts) will appear to have thrown this error.
    Any exception beyond error (e.g., break, etc.) is
    treated as and converted to an error.





  

  
This optional subcommand is responsible for the handling of chan
      seek and chan tell requests on the channel channelId. If
      it is not supported then seeking will not be possible for the
    channel.






The base argument is the same as the equivalent argument of
    the builtin chan seek, namely:



  

  
Seeking is relative to the beginning of the channel.

  

  
Seeking is relative to the current seek position.

  

  
Seeking is relative to the end of the channel.




The offset is an integer number specifying the amount of
    bytes to seek forward or backward. A positive number should seek
    forward, and a negative number should seek backward. A channel may provide
    only limited seeking. For example sockets can seek forward, but not
    backward.


The return value of the subcommand is taken as the (new) location
    of the channel, counted from the start. This has to be an integer number
    greater than or equal to zero. If the subcommand throws an error the command
    which caused its invocation (usually chan seek, or chan tell)
    will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond error
    (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted to an
  error.


The offset/base combination of 0/current signals a chan
    tell request, i.e., seek nothing relative to the current
    location, making the new location identical to the current one, which is
    then returned.





  

  
This optional subcommand is for setting the type-specific options
      of channel channelId. The option argument indicates the
      option to be written, and the value argument indicates the value to
      set the option to.






This subcommand will never try to update more than one option at a
    time; that is behavior implemented in the Tcl channel core.


The return value of the subcommand is ignored.


If the subcommand throws an error the command which performed the
    (re)configuration or query (usually fconfigure or chan
    configure) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond
    error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted
    to an error.





  

  
This optional subcommand is used when reading a single
      type-specific option of channel channelId. If this subcommand is
      supported then the subcommand cgetall must be supported as
    well.






The subcommand should return the value of the specified
    option.


If the subcommand throws an error, the command which performed the
    (re)configuration or query (usually fconfigure or chan
    configure) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond
    error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted
    to an error.





  

  
This optional subcommand is used for reading all type-specific
      options of channel channelId. If this subcommand is supported then
      the subcommand cget has to be supported as well.






The subcommand should return a list of all options and their
    values. This list must have an even number of elements.


If the subcommand throws an error the command which performed the
    (re)configuration or query (usually fconfigure or chan
    configure) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond
    error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted
    to an error.





  

  
This optional subcommand handles changes to the blocking mode of
      the channel channelId. The mode is a boolean flag. A true
      value means that the channel has to be set to blocking, and a false value
      means that the channel should be non-blocking.






The return value of the subcommand is ignored.


If the subcommand throws an error the command which caused its
    invocation (usually fconfigure or chan configure) will appear
    to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond error
    (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted to an
  error.










NOTES


Some of the functions supported in channels defined in Tcl's C
    interface are not available to channels reflected to the Tcl level.


The function Tcl_DriverGetHandleProc is not supported;
    i.e., reflected channels do not have OS specific handles.


The function Tcl_DriverHandlerProc is not supported. This
    driver function is relevant only for stacked channels,
    i.e., transformations. Reflected channels are always base channels,
    not transformations.


The function Tcl_DriverFlushProc is not supported. This is
    because the current generic I/O layer of Tcl does not use this function
    anywhere at all. Therefore support at the Tcl level makes no sense either.
    This may be altered in the future (through extending the API defined here
    and changing its version number) should the function be used at some time in
    the future.






EXAMPLE


This demonstrates how to make a channel that reads from a
  string.






oo::class create stringchan {


    variable data pos


    constructor {string {encoding {}}} {


        if {$encoding eq ""} {set encoding [encoding system]}


        set data [encoding convertto $encoding $string]


        set pos 0


    }


    method initialize {ch mode} {


        return "initialize finalize watch read seek"


    }


    method finalize {ch} {


        my destroy


    }


    method watch {ch events} {


        # Must be present but we ignore it because we do not


        # post any events


    }


    # Must be present on a readable channel


    method read {ch count} {


        set d [string range $data $pos [expr {$pos+$count-1}]]


        incr pos [string length $d]


        return $d


    }


    # This method is optional, but useful for the example below


    method seek {ch offset base} {


        switch $base {


            start {


                set pos $offset


            }


            current {


                incr pos $offset


            }


            end {


                set pos [string length $data]


                incr pos $offset


            }


        }


        if {$pos < 0} {


            set pos 0


        } elseif {$pos > [string length $data]} {


            set pos [string length $data]


        }


        return $pos


    }
}
# Now we create an instance...
set string "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\n"
set ch [chan create read [stringchan new $string]]
puts [gets $ch];   # Prints the whole string
seek $ch -5 end;
puts [read $ch];   # Prints just the last word








SEE ALSO


chan(n), transchan(n)






KEYWORDS


API, channel, ensemble, prefix, reflection







  

    8.5
    Tcl